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The standard Pyramid scaffolds actually do this. If you're using RewriteRule in combination with other path directives like Alias, read the RewriteRule flags documentation especially "PT" and "F" to ensure the directives cooperate as expected. This strategy is available in Akhet. This registes a static route matching all URLs, and a view to serve it. Actually, the route will have a predicate that checks whether the file exists, and if it doesn't, the route won't match the URL. Still, it's good practice to register the static route after your other routes.
If you have another catchall route before it that might match some static URLs, you'll have to exclude those URLs from the route as in this example:. The static route implementation does not generate URLs to static files, so you'll have to do that on your own.
Pylons never did it very effectively either. If you're using the static view and still need to serve top-level file URLs, there are several ways to do it. If that bothers you, make another directory outside the static directory for them.
Ideally a client would cache a particular static asset "forever", requiring it to be sent to the client a single time. As long as the client has a copy of the asset in its cache and that cache hasn't expired, the client will use the cached copy rather than request a new copy from the server. The drawback to sending cache headers to the client for a static asset is that at some point the static asset may change, and then you'll want the client to load a new copy of the asset.
Under normal circumstances you'd just need to wait for the client's cached copy to expire before they get the new version of the static resource. A commonly used workaround to this problem is a technique known as "cache busting". Cache busting schemes generally involve generating a URL for a static asset that changes when the static asset changes. This way headers can be sent along with the static asset instructing the client to cache the asset for a very long time.
When a static asset is changed, the URL used to refer to it in a web page also changes, so the client sees it as a new resource and requests the asset, regardless of any caching policy set for the resource's old URL. Setting the cachebust argument instructs Pyramid to use a cache busting scheme which adds the md5 checksum for a static asset as a path segment in the asset's URL:.
When the asset changes, so will its md5 checksum, and therefore so will its URL. It can be useful in some situations e. Setting cachebust to True instructs Pyramid to use a default cache busting implementation that should work for many situations. The cachebust may be set to any object that implements the interface ICacheBuster. The above configuration is exactly equivalent to:.
In order to implement your own cache buster, you can write your own class from scratch which implements the ICacheBuster interface. Alternatively you may choose to subclass one of the existing implementations. One of the most likely scenarios is you'd want to change the way the asset token is generated. Here is an example which just uses Git to get the hash of the currently checked out code:. The default cache buster implementation, PathSegmentMd5CacheBuster , works very well assuming that you're using Pyramid to serve your static assets.
The md5 checksum is fine grained enough that browsers should only request new versions of specific assets that have changed. In general, therefore, you should prefer a cache busting strategy which modifies the path segment to a strategy which adds a query string.
It is possible, however, that your static assets are being served by another web server or externally on a CDN. In these cases modifying the path segment for a static asset URL would cause the external service to fail to find the asset, causing your customer to get a In these cases you would need to fall back to a cache buster which adds a query string. It is even possible that there isn't a copy of your static assets available to the Pyramid application, so a cache busting implementation that generates md5 checksums would fail since it can't access the assets.
The following code would set up a cachebuster that just uses the time at start up as a cachebust token:.
If cache busting is active, the final static asset URL is not available until the static assets have been assembled. These URLs cannot be handwritten. Thus, when having static asset references in CSS and JavaScript, one needs to perform one of the following tasks.
These approaches do not require additional tools or packages. Any changes to background. Every time the image is updated, the URL would need to be changed. However, the CSS file itself is cache busted and is located under the path for static assets. This lets us use relative references in our CSS to cache bust the image. The downside of this approach is that if the background image changes, one needs to bump the CSS file.
When updating CSS and related image assets, updates usually happen hand in hand, so this does not add extra effort to theming workflow. The globals can be generated in page template code, having access to the request.
Below is a simple example of passing a cached busted image URL in the Jinja2 template language. Then in your main site. For more flexibility, static assets can be served by a view callable which you register manually. For example, if you're using URL dispatch , you may want static assets to only be available as a fallback if no previous route matches.
Alternatively, you might like to serve a particular static asset manually, because its download requires authentication.
The pyramid. This view callable can serve static assets from a directory.
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